Everything you need to know about hallux valgus surgery: when, how and why to do it

Hallux valgus, better known as a “bunion,” affects many people, especially women. This deformity of the big toe may initially seem purely cosmetic, but over time, it often causes pain, friction, difficulty putting on shoes, and sometimes even significant discomfort when walking.

While correctors, insoles, and adapted shoes can provide relief in many cases, some people consider surgery. But what does this surgery involve? When should it be performed? How does the recovery process work? Let's discover all the answers together.

What is hallux valgus surgery?

Hallux valgus surgery is a surgical procedure that aims to correct the deviation of the big toe. Specifically, it involves realigning the metatarsal bone and repositioning the joint to reduce the painful bump that has formed on the side of the foot.

There are several surgical techniques, including:

• Osteotomy : the surgeon cuts and repositions the bone to correct the axis of the big toe.

• Resection : a small part of the bone or joint is removed.

• Arthrodesis : in certain more severe cases, the joint is blocked to stabilize the foot.

The choice of technique depends on the degree of deformity, age, general health and expectations of the person being operated on.

When should surgery be considered?

Not everyone with hallux valgus needs surgery. Many find real relief with non-surgical solutions like correctors, insoles, or custom-fit shoes.

However, the operation becomes a serious option when:

• The pain becomes daily and disabling , despite wearing orthotics or comfortable shoes.

• The deformity worsens over time and causes discomfort when walking.

• The big toe pushes on the others, creating other deformities or painful corns.

• Daily activities (sports, walking, standing work) become difficult.

It is always the orthopedic surgeon who, after a clinical examination and an X-ray, will decide whether an intervention is indicated.

How does the operation take place?

The procedure is prepared in advance by a surgeon and an anesthesiologist. After the necessary tests (X-rays, analyses), a date is set.

• Type of anesthesia : most often local or loco-regional (only the leg is numb), sometimes general.

• Duration of the operation : between 30 minutes and 1 hour 30 minutes depending on the technique used.

• Hospitalization : this can be done on an outpatient basis (discharge the same day) or require a short hospitalization.

The surgeon makes an incision in the foot, corrects the position of the bone, and secures it all with screws or small implants (often absorbable). The scar is generally discreet.

Recovery and post-operation

Hallux valgus surgery requires a period of rest and appropriate care.

• Walking after surgery : you can walk again the next day with a special post-operative shoe, which protects the forefoot.

• Recovery time : Allow approximately 4 to 6 weeks before you can resume normal walking.

• Rehabilitation : a few physiotherapy sessions or simple exercises at home can help restore joint mobility and flexibility.

• Results : The pain linked to the deformity gradually disappears and the majority of patients find lasting comfort, with a realigned foot.

However, it is important to keep in mind that the aesthetic result is not always “perfectly straight”, the objective being above all to relieve pain and restore the function of the foot.

Possible risks and complications

Like any operation, hallux valgus surgery carries risks, although rare:

• Persistent pain or recurrence of the deformity (recurrence).

• Joint stiffness.

• Difficulty wearing certain types of shoes.

• Complications related to healing or anesthesia.

These risks remain limited if medical recommendations are carefully followed. Hence the importance of discussing them thoroughly with the surgeon before the operation.

Are there any alternatives to surgery?

Yes, and they are often effective in relieving pain or slowing its progression:

• Hallux valgus correctors and orthoses : they keep the big toe in a better position and limit friction.

• Orthopedic insoles : custom-designed, they redistribute support and reduce pressure on the forefoot.

• Suitable shoes : choose wide, flexible and comfortable models to avoid painful friction.

• Exercises and stretches : Certain routines help strengthen the foot muscles and maintain a minimum of mobility.

These solutions do not correct the bone deformity but allow you to live better with hallux valgus and sometimes delay surgery.

These accessories can be very useful for post-surgery rehabilitation. They can help the toes stay in their new alignment without pain. This can be a major asset in addition to prescribed physiotherapy sessions.

Conclusion

Hallux valgus surgery isn't a necessary step for everyone who suffers from this deformity, but it can transform the lives of those for whom the pain has become unbearable. When properly prepared and followed, surgery generally provides very good results in terms of comfort and mobility.

While waiting for or in addition to an operation, there are simple and accessible solutions to relieve your feet on a daily basis: correctors, insoles, adapted shoes... At SoulagePieds , we believe that it is possible to rediscover the pleasure of walking without pain, step by step.